000			03112nab a22003737a 4500
999			_c8902 _d8902
005			20250625151711.0
008			240829s2024 ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aAFVC
100			_aWieberneit, Michelle _913343
245			_aSilenced survivors : _ba systematic review of the barriers to reporting, investigating, prosecuting, and sentencing of adult female rape and sexual assault _cMichelle Wieberneit, Sascha Thai, Joseph Clare, Lies Notebaert and Hilde Tubex
260			_bSage, _c2024
500			_aTrauma, Violence & Abuse, 2024, First published online, 30 July 2024
520			_aSexual victimization of adult women remains an underreported crime. This systematic review identified and synthesized the barriers to reporting, investigating, prosecuting, and sentencing cases of sexual assault and rape against adult women in Western countries. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on August 3, 2023, across databases including PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, MedNar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria provided relevant information on the decision not to formally disclose, investigate, prosecute, or convict incidents of sexual assault and rape of adult women. We included 28 studies and identified 70 barriers in total. Identified barriers were most prevalent to reporting, followed by investigating, prosecuting, and, lastly, sentencing. Key themes in the barriers included lack of trust in the criminal justice system, internal reactions, rape myths and societal norms, and perpetrator characteristics. The identified barriers emphasize an urgent need for reform of the criminal justice system’s response to sexual assault and rape. Prioritizing victim-survivors’ needs, enhancing transparency of the criminal justice system, and addressing attrition rates are crucial. Future studies need to engage with diverse population to address all victim-survivors’ needs and provide further insights into the challenges across all stages of the criminal justice system to enhance the outcome of rape and sexual assault cases. (Authors' abstract). Record #8902
650			_aABUSED WOMEN _925
650			_aCRIMINAL JUSTICE _9167
650			_aDISCLOSURE _9199
650			_aPERPETRATORS _92644
650			_aPOLICE PROCEDURES _9445
650			_aRAPE _9488
650			_aRAPE MYTH _911819
650			_aSENTENCING _94166
650			_aSEXUAL VIOLENCE _9531
650			_aSYSTEMATIC REVIEWS _93140
651			_aINTERNATIONAL _93624
651			_aAUSTRALIA _92597
700			_aThai, Sascha _913344
700			_aClare, Joseph _913345
700			_aNotebaert, Lies _913346
700			_aTubex, Hilde _913347
773	0		_tTrauma, Violence & Abuse, 2024, First published online, 30 July 2024
830			_aTrauma, Vilence & Abuse _913348
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/15248380241261404 _zDOI: 10.1177/15248380241261404 (Open access)
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE _hnews130