000			03513nam a22003137a 4500
999			_c7241 _d7241
005			20250625151555.0
008			210722s2021 ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aAFVC
100			_aLomba, Niombo _910190
245			_aCombating gender-based violence : _bcyber violence. European added value assessment _cNiombo Lomba, Cecilia Navarra and Meenakshi Fernandes
260			_bEuropean Parliamentary Research Service, _c2021
300			_aelectronic document (242 pages) ; PDF file
500			_aPublished March 2021
520			_aGender-based cyber violence is a phenomenon that was inconceivable 30 years ago. More and more women and girls are experiencing harassment, stalking and other kinds of threats while online. With the ever-growing use of social media, the threats women and girls experience online have an effect on how they use the internet. Although there are many examples of women, female politicians and female journalists experiencing cyber violence and even going to court owing to harassment or other forms of cyber violence, not a lot of data or evidence has been gathered on the phenomenon. Meanwhile, the EU Member States react and act differently when dealing with the topic. It is known that gender-based cyber violence does not necessarily happen in isolation but that in many cases there is a connection with gender-based violence face-to-face; online and off-line violence is in many cases connected and/or intertwined. The coronavirus pandemic has potentially worsened the situation as people's social lives have shifted online. Having identified a wide range of gaps in existing EU actions and legislation and the negative impacts on woman and girls individually, socially and economically on account of gender-based cyber violence, this paper supports the need to act and/or intervene at EU level. Whether on the lack of harmonised legal definitions, the lack of awareness-raising and under-reporting or the need for more research and data, greater momentum would be achieved by EU action, not least since this is also a cross-border issue. Beginning with a discussion on the definition of gender-based cyber violence, this assessment also considers the prevalence, and the legal, individual, social and economic impacts of gender-based cyber violence, and examines the regulatory framework at EU and national levels. To this end 12 EU Member States were analysed in greater depth. Having explored the legal base, and identified the weakness and gaps in the existing EU legal system, the paper suggests policy responses the EU could take. The assessment then discusses the qualitative and quantitative impacts, including economic estimates of the impacts of the policy options identified. External experts were commissioned to conduct additional analysis and contribute to a study and a paper; these are both annexed to this paper. (From the Executive summary). Record #7241
650		0	_97205 _aCYBERBULLYING
650		0	_99483 _aIMAGE-BASED SEXUAL ABUSE
650		0	_aLAW REFORM _9338
650			_aONLINE HARASSMENT _95989
650		4	_aSEXUAL VIOLENCE _9531
650			_aSOCIAL MEDIA _93663
650		0	_99831 _aTECHNOLOGY-FACILITATED ABUSE
650		0	_aVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN _93088
651			_aINTERNATIONAL _93624
651			_aEUROPE _93372
700			_aNavarra, Cecilia _910191
700			_aFernandes, Meenakshi _910192
856			_uhttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/662621/EPRS_STU(2021)662621_EN.pdf
942			_2ddc _cREPORT