000			03938nab a22003137a 4500
999			_c6334 _d6334
005			20250625151513.0
008			190724s2019 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aAFVC
100			_aHeymann, Jody _4et al. _98533
245			_aImproving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms _cJody Heymann, Jessica K Levy, Bijetri Bose, Vanessa Ríos-Salas, Yehualashet Mekonen, Hema Swaminathan, Negar Omidakhsh, Adva Gadoth, Kate Huh, Margaret E Greene, Gary L Darmstadt on behalf of the Gender Equality, Norms and Health Steering Committee
260			_bThe Lancet, _c2019
500			_aThe Lancet, 2019, 393(10190): 2522–2534 (Gender Equality, Norms and Health 3)
520			_aEvidence that gender inequalities and restrictive norms adversely affect health is extensive; however, far less research has focused on testing solutions. We first comprehensively reviewed the peer-reviewed and grey literature for rigorously evaluated programmes that aimed to reduce gender inequality and restrictive gender norms and improve health. We identified four mutually reinforcing factors underpinning change: (1) multisectoral action, (2) multilevel, multistakeholder involvement, (3) diversified programming, and (4) social participation and empowerment. Following this review, because little research has investigated the effects of national-level law and policy reforms, we conducted original quasi-experimental studies on laws and policies related to education, work, and income, all social determinants of health in which deep gender inequalities exist. We examined whether the laws and policies significantly affected health outcomes and gender norms, and whether law-induced and policy-induced changes in gender norms mediated the health effects, in areas for which longitudinal data existed. Laws and policies that made primary education tuition-free (13 intervention countries with the law and/or policy and ten control countries without) and that provided paid maternity and parental leave (seven intervention and 15 control countries) significantly improved women's and their children's health (odds ratios [OR] of 1·16–2·10, depending on health outcome) and gender equality in household decision making (OR 1·46 for tuition-free and 1·45 for paid maternity and parental leave) as a proxy indicator of gender norms. Increased equality partially mediated the positive effects on health outcomes. We conclude by discussing examples of how improved governance can support gender-equitable laws, policies, and programmes, immediate next steps, and future research needs. (Authors' abstract). This is the third in a Series of five papers about gender equality, norms, and health. The Series on Gender Equality, Norms, and Health is a collection of five papers, led by Gary Darmstadt and colleagues, that provides new analysis and insights into the impact of gender inequalities and norms on health, and the opportunities that exist within health systems, programmes, policies, and research to transform gender norms and inequalities. (From the website). For more information about the series, follow the link. Record #6334
650			_aATTITUDES _970
650			_aECONOMIC ASPECTS _9213
650			_aEDUCATION _9218
650			_aGENDER _9269
650			_aGENDER EQUALITY _96853
650			_aHEALTH _9283
650			_aSOCIAL CHANGE _9544
650			_aWOMEN _9645
710			_aGender Equality, Norms, and Health Steering Committee _98529
773			_tThe Lancet, 2019, 393(10190): 2522–2534 (Gender Equality, Norms and Health 3)
830			_94435 _aThe Lancet
830			_aGender Equality, Norms, and Health (The Lancet series) _98530
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30656-7 _yRead abstract
856			_uhttps://www.thelancet.com/series/gender-equality-norms-health _yAccess the series
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE