000			03381nab a2200361Ia 4500
001			114892
005			20250625151148.0
008			110331s2006 eng
022			_a0145-2134
040			_aWSS _dAFV
100			_aCarroll-Lind, Janis _9889
245			_aThe key to the gatekeepers : _bpassive consent and other ethical issues surrounding the rights of children to speak on issues that concern them _cCarroll-Lind, Janis
260			_aNew York _bPergamon Press _c2006
365			_a00 _b0
520			_aThis journal article discusses the passive consent procedure used in a national survey of 2077 children aged 9 to 13 years from 28 randomly selected New Zealand primary (elementary) schools and comprised equal numbers of girls and boys. The children's experiences as victims and witnesses of violence at home and at school were surveyed. The wider objective of the study, as discussed in this article, was to assess whether the passive consent procedure provides an acceptable ethical mechanism for the survey of children in order to meet the principles set out in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC). Article 12 of UNCROC acknowledges the right of children to have what they think and feel considered in decisions that affect them. The passive consent procedure is a variant of the informed consent process required by guidelines for ethical conduct in human participant research. Studies involving children normally require that active consent is obtained from parents, who sign and return a consent form. The passive consent procedure requires only parents who do not want their child to participate in a study to provide active dissent by signing and returning the consent form, which in this case was posted to each household with a post paid return envelope. In this way, the authors argue, children wanting to participate, whose parents have no objection, are not excluded from a study simply because a form may not have been returned. This process prioritises the child's right to speak over the parent's right to privacy, an approach the authors argue is in line with Article 12 of UNCROC. Measures were taken to ensure parental consent was informed and that parents understood their right to give either passive consent or active dissent. Methodological, confidentiality, safety and social sensitivity questions are also discussed. As the author states, "[t]he rationale for implementing the ethical methodological procedures used in this study is that children's information will contribute to policies that lead to the creation of safer environments for children."
650	2	7	_2FVC _aADOLESCENTS _943
650	2	7	_2FVC _aCHILD NEGLECT _9114
650	2	7	_2FVC _aCHILDREN _9127
650	2	7	_2FVC _aCHILDREN'S RIGHTS _9135
650	2	7	_2FVC _aCULTURAL DIFFERENCES _9174
650	2	7	_2FVC _aDEMOGRAPHICS _9189
650	2	7	_2FVC _aPOLICY _9447
650	2	7	_2FVC _aSTATISTICS _9575
650	2	7	_2FVC _aSTATISTICS _9575
650	2	4	_aVICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE _9624
650	2	7	_9130 _aCHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE _2FVC
500			_aChild Abuse and Neglect 30(9) 2006 : 979-989
650	2	7	_9103 _aCHILD ABUSE _2FVC
651	2	4	_aNEW ZEALAND _92588
773	0		_tChild Abuse and Neglect 30(9) 2006 : 979-989
856			_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.013 _zArticle DOI
942			_2ddc _cARTICLE
999			_c2010 _d2010