TY  - SER
AU  - Heilmann, Anja
AU  - Mehay, Anita
AU  - Watt, Richard G. 
AU  - Kelly, Yvonne
AU  - Durrant, Joan E.
AU  - van Turnhout, Jillian
AU  - Gershoff, Elizabeth T.
TI  - Physical punishment and child outcomes : : a narrative review of prospective studies
PY  - 2021///
PB  - The Lancet, 
KW  - BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
KW  - CHILD BEHAVIOUR
KW  - CHILDREN
KW  - CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
KW  - DISCIPLINE
KW  - PARENTING
KW  - PHYSICAL ABUSE
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
KW  - INTERNATIONAL
N1  - The Lancet, 2021, Advance online publication, 28 June 2021
N2  - Physical  punishment  is  increasingly  viewed  as  a  form  of  violence  that  harms  children.  This  narrative  review  summarises  the  findings  of  69  prospective  longitudinal  studies  to  inform  practitioners  and  policy  makers  about  physical  punishment’s  outcomes.  Our  review  identified  seven  key  themes.  First,  physical  punishment  consistently  predicts increases in child behaviour problems over time. Second, physical punishment is not associated with positive outcomes  over  time.  Third,  physical  punishment  increases  the  risk  of  involvement  with  child  protective  services.  Fourth,  the  only  evidence  of  children  eliciting  physical  punishment  is  for  externalising  behaviour.  Fifth,  physical  punishment  predicts  worsening  behaviour  over  time  in  quasi-experimental  studies.  Sixth,  associations  between  physical punishment and detrimental child outcomes are robust across child and parent characteristics. Finally, there is  some  evidence  of  a  dose–response  relationship.  The  consistency  of  these  findings  indicates  that  physical  punishment is harmful to children and that policy remedies are warranted. (Authors' abstract). Record #7216
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00582-1
UR  - http://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_92c4265fcff5ffc51ca27ccaf53374c6
ER  -