The review of international best practice approaches to physical restraint and de-escalation in youth justice residences determined that:

the area is under-researched and data is often incomplete
there are usually negative consequences when restraint is used
young people appreciated that sometimes restraint was used (and was necessary) to keep them safe
getting the basics right, e.g. effective management and supervision, professional standards and a well-resourced workforce can help to improve child and staff safety
an organisation/system-wide commitment to a culture where violence and aggression are not tolerated is needed.

See also the related "international best practice and models for youth justice residences" evidence brief (#8093). Record #8094